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1.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 74(2): 181-187, mar.-abr. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-484822

ABSTRACT

As emissões otoacústicas transientes evocadas e as emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção vêm assumindo importância significativa na identificação de alterações cocleares. OBJETIVO: Através da monitorização das emissões otoacústicas, registrar os limiares dos produtos de distorção em condições normais e na presença de modificações eletrofisiológicas nas células ciliadas externas cocleares de ovelhas após a indução de hiperinsulinemia aguda. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo experimental com sete ovelhas no grupo-controle e sete no grupo-estudo. Os níveis de insulina e glicose foram verificados simultaneamente ao registro das emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção de 10 em 10 minutos, até o tempo de 90 minutos. O grupo-controle recebeu soro fisiológico, e o grupo-estudo, injeção em bolo de 0,1 U/kg de insulina humana regular. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuição significante nos limiares dos produtos de distorção no grupo-estudo em relação ao grupo-controle nas freqüências acima de 1.500 Hz e após o tempo de 60 minutos (P < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo permitiu estabelecer os limiares das emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção em ovelhas com constante reprodutibilidade, o que mostra que o método é adequado para uso em investigações audiológicas e otológicas. Ficou, ainda, plenamente identificado que o hiperinsulinismo agudo foi capaz de provocar relevantes modificações nestes limiares.


Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and distortion product otoacoustic emissions have gained significant importance in the identification of cochlear alterations. AIM: To record distortion product thresholds through the monitoring of otoacoustic emissions in normal conditions and in the presence of electrophysiologic changes in cochlear outer hair cells in sheep after hyperinsulinemia induction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experimental study, with seven sheep in the control group and seven in the study group. Insulin and glucose concentrations were measured simultaneously for the recording of distortion product otoacoustic emission every 10 minutes, all the way to 90 minutes. The control group received saline solution, and the study group received a bolus injection of 0.1 U/kg of regular human insulin. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in distortion product thresholds in the study group when compared to the control group at frequencies greater than 1,500Hz and after 60 minutes (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study established distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds in sheep with constant reproducibility, demonstrating that the method is adequate for use in audiology and otology investigations. Results also fully confirm that acute hyperinsulinemia may cause important changes in these thresholds.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cochlea/physiology , Hyperinsulinism/physiopathology , Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/physiology , Acoustic Stimulation , Auditory Threshold/physiology , Glucose/analysis , Hyperinsulinism/blood , Hyperinsulinism/chemically induced , Injections , Insulin/administration & dosage , Insulin/blood , Models, Animal , Sheep , Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage , Time Factors
2.
Clinics ; 62(3): 327-334, June 2007. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453295

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To test the possibility of obtaining a practical and stable model of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in hamsters, substituting the drinking water by 10 percent or 20 percent fructose solutions for a period of 2, 4, or 6 months. METHODS: Male hamsters were divided into 3 main groups, further divided in 3 subgroups: Two months: Group Ia control (n = 51) received filtered water, Group Ib (n = 49) received 10 percent fructose solution instead of water, Group Ic (n=8) received 20 percent fructose solution instead of water. Four months: Group IIa control (n=8), Group IIb 10 percent fructose (n = 7), Group IIc 20 percent fructose (FIIc, n = 7). Six months: Group IIIa control (n = 6), Group IIIb 10 percent Fructose (n = 6), Group IIIc 20 percent Fructose (n = 5). All groups were fed with the same laboratory diet. The animals were weighed every 2 weeks during the study period. On the final day of each experiment (61st, 121st, and 181st day after the beginning of the study, respectively), the animals were weighed and anesthetized for blood collection to determine plasma glucose and insulin after at least a 12-h fast. Ten animals of group Ia and 10 of group Ib were evaluated to determine changes in macromolecular permeability induced by ischemia/reperfusion as measured in the cheek pouch microcirculation. RESULTS: Compared to controls, the animals that drank the 10 percent or 20 percent fructose solution had significantly greater weight gain (P < .001), fasting plasma glucose (P < .001) Reperfusion, after 30 min ischemia, resulted in an immediate but reversible increase in postcapillary leakage (L) of 89.0 ± 2.0 L/cm² (group Ia - controls), and 116.5 ± 4.8 L/cm² (group Ib 10 percent fructose), P < .001.These results suggest that chronic administration of either 10 percent or 20 percent fructose solutions could be used to experimentally induce a stable hamster model of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION: The model might facilitate...


OBJETIVO: Testar a possibilidade de obtenção de um modelo prático e estável de hiperinsulinemia e hiperglicemia em hamsters substituindo a água de beber por soluções de frutose a 10 por cento ou 20 por cento por um período de dois, quatro ou seis meses. MÉTODOS: Hamsters machos foram divididos em 3 grupos e cada grupo subdividido em 3 subgrupos. Dois meses: Grupo Ia-controle (n=51), recebeu água filtrada, Grupo Ib-(n=49), recebeu solução de frutose a 10 por cento ao invés de água e Grupo Ic-( n=8), recebeu solução de frutose a 20 por cento ao invés de água. Quatro meses: Grupo IIa - controle (n=8), Grupo IIb - 10 por cento frutose (n=7) e Grupo IIc - 20 por cento frutose (n=7). Seis meses: Grupo IIIa - controle (n=6), Grupo IIIb - 10 por cento frutose (n=6) e Grupo IIIc - 20 por cento frutose (n=5). Todos os animais foram alimentados com a mesma dieta padrão de laboratório. Os animais foram pesados a cada 2 semanas durante o período do estudo. No dia do final do experimento (61°, 121° e 181° dia, respectivamente, após o início do estudo), os animais foram pesados e anestesiados para coleta de sangue para determinação da glicose e da insulina sérica, após jejum de pelo menos 12 h. Em 10 animais do grupo Ia e em 10 do grupo Ib avaliamos, na microcirculação da bolsa da bochecha, a variação da permeabilidade a macromoléculas induzida por isquemia/reperfusão. RESULTADOS: Comparados ao grupo controle, os animais que beberam soluções de frutose a 10 ou 20 por cento tiveram um aumento significativo de massa corporal (p<0,001) e da glicemia de jejum (p<0,001). Durante o experimento de reperfusão, após 30 min de isquemia, houve um aumento imediato e reversível do extravasamento (E) pós-capilar de 89,0 ± 2,0 E/cm² (grupo Ia) e 116,5 ± 4,8 E/cm² (grupo Ib), p<0,001. CONCLUSÃO: Esse estudo sugere que a utilização crônica de solução de frutose a 10 por cento ou 20 por cento pode ser usada para induzir experimentalmente um modelo estável de hiperinsulinemia...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , Male , Fructose/administration & dosage , Hyperglycemia/chemically induced , Hyperinsulinism/chemically induced , Body Weight , Disease Models, Animal , Mesocricetus , Time Factors
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 31(5): 697-703, May 1998. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-212410

ABSTRACT

The present study examines the effect of concanavalin A (Con A) on the blood insulin and glucose levels of rats. Male and female rats treated with Con A (62.5-500 mug/kg) for three days showed a dose-and time-dependent hyperinsulinemia that lasted more than 48 h. Male rats were more sensitive to Con A. Thus, 6 h after treatment with Con A the circulating insulin levels in male rats had increased by 85 percent (control: 10.2 + 0.9 mU/l and Con A-treated: 18.8 + 1 mU/l) compared to only 38 percent (control: 7.5 + 0.2 mU/l; Con A-treated: 10.3 + mU/l) in females. An identical response was seen after 12 h. Con A (250 mug/kg) produced time-dependent hypoglycemia in both sexes but more pronounced in males. There was no correlation between the hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia described above. The Con A-induced hyperinsulinemia in rats of both sexes was abolished in gonadectomized animals (intact males: +101 + 17 percent vs orchiectomized males: -5 + 3 percent; intact females: +86 + 23 percent vs ovariectomized females: -18 + 7.2 percent). Pretreating intact male and female rats with human chorionic gonadotropin also significantly inhibited the Con A-induced hyperinsulinemia. Estradiol (10 mug/kg, im) significantly blocked the Con A-induced increase in circulating insulin in male rats (101 + 17 percent for controls vs 32 + 5.3 percent for estradiol-treated animals, P<0.05) while testosterone (10 mg/kg, im) had no similar effect on intact female rats. Pretreating Con A-injected rats with opioid antagonists such as naloxone (1 mg/kg, sc) and naltrexone (5 mg/kg, sc) blocked the hyperinsulinemia produced by the lectin in males (control: +101 + 17 percent vs naloxone-treated: +5 + 14 percent, or naltrexone-treated: -23 + 45 percent) and females (control: +86 + 23 por cent vs naloxone-treated: +21 + 20 percent, or naltrexone-treated: -18 + 11 percent). These results demonstrate that Con A increases the levels of circulating insulin in rats and that this response is opioid-dependent and hormonally regulated.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Concanavalin A/adverse effects , Hormones/pharmacology , Hyperinsulinism/chemically induced , Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology , Blood Glucose/analysis , Castration , Insulin/blood , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
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